Where the words come from
Deregulation and the US airline experience, its costs in bankruptcies and layoffs, regulatory capture, and price cap regulation — Principles of Economics 2e, OpenStax, licensed CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/11-4-the-great-deregulation-experiment and https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/11-3-regulating-natural-monopolies. Changes: the Civil Aeronautics Board named as a US board; the Postal Service history, Sarbanes-Oxley and Dodd-Frank dropped; "trucking" and "intercity bus travel" folded into the coach example on the card; the deregulation and price-cap card definitions from the 2e Key Terms and 11.4's "removing government controls over prices and quantities produced", with entry added; the card examples are ours.
Why a natural monopoly needs regulating, the delicacy of price caps, and regulatory capture — Principles of Economics 2e, OpenStax, licensed CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/11-3-regulating-natural-monopolies. Changes: the regulation of natural monopolies, the delicacy of price caps and regulatory capture condensed from 11.3 and 11.4; the block's closing sentence on Ofwat reports the UK government's 2025 claim, credited under govuk-defra.
The Transport Secretary's account of British Rail and of rail since privatisation, 9 July 2013 — 20 years since rail privatisation, speech by the Secretary of State for Transport, Department for Transport, July 2013, Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/20-years-since-rail-privatisation. Changes: the speech's claims reported as his, in indirect speech; "4,000 more services a day" and "rail freight has grown by 60%" put into words; the sentence on shareholders is ours.
The government's July 2025 statement that Ofwat had failed customers while water companies paid large dividends, and that Ofwat would be abolished — Ofwat to be abolished in biggest overhaul of water since privatisation, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, 21 July 2025, Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ofwat-to-be-abolished-in-biggest-overhaul-of-water-since-privatisation. Changes: the release's claims reported as the government's; "the water regulator" for Ofwat; condensed.
The return of passenger rail services to public ownership and the creation of Great British Railways — Great British Railways and the public ownership programme, Department for Transport, updated September 2026, Open Government Licence v3.0. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/great-british-railways and https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/rail-franchising. Changes: "GBR will end years of fragmentation" reported as the government's claim; the programme condensed; the closing judgement on ownership and competition is ours.
Questions, options, diagrams and feedback are our own. Figures credited to a source above are that source's; every other figure is invented to show the method.