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Work and what it pays · 7 of 10

Does a minimum wage cost jobs?

Weigh the case each way on whether a minimum wage costs jobs

Key terms
Minimum wage
A minimum wage is a price floor that makes it illegal for an employer to pay less than a set hourly rate.
Binding price floor
A price floor is binding when it sits above the equilibrium wage and so determines the market outcome.

The standard model predicts that some jobs go

Because of the law of demand, a higher required wage reduces the amount of low-skill employment, either in the number of people employed or in the hours they work. Above the equilibrium wage the quantity of labour supplied is greater than the quantity demanded, so some people who want work at that wage cannot find it.

A minimum wage above the equilibrium wageVertical axis: Wage. Horizontal axis: Quantity of labour. D: a downward-sloping line. S: an upward-sloping line. D meets S, at We on the vertical axis and quantity Qe. A point at Wmin on the vertical axis and quantity Qd. A point at quantity Qs.QeWeQdWminQsDSexcess supply
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No minimum wageThe wage settles at We, where Qe workers are wanted and Qe want to work.

The standard model: a binding floor cuts employment from Qe to Qd.