Where the words come from
The definitions of economies and diseconomies of scale, the long-run average cost curve, the chemical-pipe example, agglomeration economies, and the difference from diminishing marginal returns — Principles of Economics 2e, OpenStax, licensed CC BY 4.0. https://openstax.org/books/principles-economics-2e/pages/7-5-costs-in-the-long-run. Changes: The warehouse-store and alarm-clock examples, their dollar figures and the six-tenths rule left out; "a larger factory can produce at a lower average cost than a smaller factory" reused in the technical-economies card, whose label and opening clause are ours; the pipe table put into one sentence as that card's example; the city Clear It Up condensed, and the closing definition of external economies of scale is ours; the Clear It Up on diminishing returns used as the mistake note; the purchasing, financial, managerial and marketing cards, their examples, and every check are ours; British spelling; the technical-economies card now names the source of the saving, bigger and more specialised equipment using fewer inputs per unit, in our own words.
The question and the page layout are our own.