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Economics glossary · When markets fail

Market failure

What market failure means in economics, with an example and a question to test yourself.

Definition
Market failure
Market failure is a situation where the free market, left to its own devices, is unable to achieve optimal economic efficiency.
Not to be confused with: Government failure
Government failure is government intervention that itself results in an inefficient allocation of resources, such as a subsidy for a polluting good or regulation that causes shortages.
Test yourself

What is the difference between market failure and government failure?

Learn it properly: the module

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