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Peru

Republic of Peru · South America

Position of Peru on a world map

At a glance

CapitalLima
Most common first languageSpanish82.9% speak it as a mother tongue
Official languagesSpanish, Quechua, Aymara
CurrencyNuevo sol
Drives on theright
Highest pointHuascarán6,768 m
Biggest category of goods exportedores and metals48% of goods exports, 2024
Services share of exports7.5%of everything sold abroad, 2025
Internet domain.pe

Facts about Peru

Potatoes were first farmed there, and it still grows thousands of varieties.

Source: International Potato Center, Lima · checked 2026-08-08

Peru by the numbers

Rank is out of the countries with data for that measure. Every figure is the latest year the source publishes.

MeasureValueRank
PopulationEveryone living in the country, all ages, counted mid-year.34.6m (2025)48th
of 209
GDPThe total value of everything the country produces in a year, at current prices.$335bn (2025)47th
of 203
Land areaTotal land area, excluding inland water and offshore territory.1.28m km² (2023)19th
of 209
Military spending, totalWhat the government spends on its armed forces in a year — pay, equipment and operations.$2.57bn (2024)58th
of 151
Exports of goods & servicesThe value of everything the country sells abroad in a year, goods and services combined.$100bn (2025)49th
of 180
Mobile subscriptionsActive mobile phone subscriptions — NOT the same as people. Many people hold two, so a country can have more subscriptions than residents.42.6m (2024)40th
of 205
Forest areaLand under natural or planted trees, whether or not it is productive.718k km² (2023)10th
of 203
Agricultural landCropland, land under permanent crops, and permanent pasture.244k km² (2023)46th
of 206
COâ‚‚ emissionsCarbon dioxide released in a year, in millions of tonnes.69 Mt (2024)49th
of 198
Urban populationThe number of people living in urban areas, as each country defines them.29.6m (2025)33rd
of 209
Life expectancyHow long a baby born today would live if death rates never changed.77.9 years (2024)68th
of 209
GDP per personEverything the country produces in a year, divided by its population.$9,684 (2025)100th
of 205
Internet useThe share of people who have used the internet in the last three months.82.0% (2024)96th
of 191
InflationHow much prices rose over the year, measured on a basket of consumer goods.1.5% (2025)134th
of 182
UnemploymentThe share of people who want a job and are looking for one but do not have one.5.1% (2025)93rd
of 185
Urban shareThe share of the population living in urban areas.85.6% (2025)41st
of 209
Births per womanHow many children a woman would have across her life at current birth rates.1.97 (2024)101st
of 209
Military spending, share of GDPWhat the country spends on its armed forces, as a share of everything it produces.0.91% of GDP (2024)123rd
of 155
Trade opennessImports plus exports as a share of GDP. Above 100% is normal for small trading economies.51.8% of GDP (2025)139th
of 183
COâ‚‚ per personCarbon dioxide from fuel and industry, divided by the population.2.00 t (2024)112th
of 198
Human Development IndexThe UN’s combined measure of health, education and income, on a scale from 0 to 1.0.794 (2023)79th
of 193

Land borders

🇧🇴 Bolivia🇧🇷 Brazil🇨🇱 Chile🇨🇴 Colombia🇪🇨 Ecuador

Peru shares these with other countries

Drives on the right 149Has a coast and land neighbours 115Has spanish as its most common first language 19Has spanish as an official language 20Has quechua as an official language 2Has aymara as an official language 2Mainly exports ores and metals 14Sells almost only goods 34Is in south america 12

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Country data from the World Bank (CC BY 4.0) and the UNDP Human Development Report (CC BY 3.0 IGO)
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