NATO has 32 members, and no member has ever left
NATO is a defensive alliance whose members are the parties to the North Atlantic Treaty, under which an armed attack on one is treated as an attack on all. On 1 October 2026 it had 32 members. Twelve countries founded it in April 1949, and it has enlarged ten times since. The two newest members, both Nordic, joined in 2023 and 2024 after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. No member has ever left. The alliance also shapes public spending: in June 2025 its members agreed to spend five per cent of GDP a year on defence and security by 2035. Countries that work with NATO as partners, or have applied to join, are not members.
Name them all first. Then try the harder part: name them in six groups, by when they joined.